Aretai

Insightful interview with Yuval Levin at AEI in the WaPo: “I’m hopeful. I’m not an optimist — I’m a conservative, so I have low expectations of people. But hope says we have the resources to do this right. Americans have always been attracted to a certain pessimism about the prospects of our society. From the very beginning, we’ve thought we’re not really up to this — or more specifically, our children are not really up to this. Our national anthem is a song about barely surviving the night: The great American achievement in that song is that the flag was still there. We’re worried now, and we should be. But Americans have proved themselves to be able to act on that worry. And if you think about the next 25 years, the next 50, who’s going to dominate that period? It’s the United States. This is ours to lose, and we could lose it. But I am hopeful that we may make the most of it.”

1. Avoiding dementia: “Yet there is one direct way to improve your chances of staying mentally sharp, and it involves almost no toil, tears or sweat. One of the most exciting scientific findings in recent years is that a course of the shingles vaccine may reduce the risk of dementia by about 20%. For a simple intervention, that is a huge benefit. Exactly why this happens is still being debated.”

1. JS Bach cantata for Trinity 6: Es ist das Heil uns kommen her, Salvation has come to us (BWV 9, Leipzig between 1732-1735); interlinear; Netherlands Bach Collegium recording; opening chorus: Der Glaub sieht Jesum Christum an / Der hat g’nug für uns all getan / Er ist der Mittler worden, Faith looks towards Jesus Christ who has done enough for all of us.
2. IAD to eliminate ‘mobile lounges‘?!

1. The implications of “postliteracy” are staggering, via Atlantic: “And yet, strangely, Americans are probably reading more words than ever before. What has changed is what they read, and how. People are bombarded with emails, text messages, X posts, Reddit threads, Instagram captions. This explosion of textual fragments has come at the expense of devoting sustained attention to longer written works that convey rich and complicated information. Maryanne Wolf, a cognitive neuroscientist at UCLA, argues that people are losing the ability to think deeply about writing. That doesn’t mean they are forgetting how to decode individual words. Rather, they are losing the higher-order abilities of comprehension and synthesis. America, in other words, isn’t illiterate. It’s postliterate.
   
   “Things are about to get worse, and fast. The next generation reads much less than today’s adults did when they were kids. Kindergarten teachers say that many of their students don’t know nursery rhymes or fairy tales, Benjamin Powers, the director of Yale and the University of Connecticut’s Haskins Global Literacy Hub, told me. (In the study of 236,000 American adults, only 2 percent read to a child on a given day.)”
2. On Norway’s football formation, from a profile in WSJ: “Inside a small dome where they could practice year-round, through Scandinavian winters and darkness, the kids of Bryne FK played without pressure. Their volunteer coaches preached a simple philosophy: ‘As many as possible, for as long as possible, and as good as possible.’”

1. Ryan Burge: 85 religious traditions—share with bachelor’s x mean income.
2. At 94, Ed Meese looks back.
3. AI as mental exoskeleton?

On AI adoption in schools, from Campos and Singleton: “We find that AI use has spread rapidly across schools, largely as a productivity aid. Students mainly use AI for homework help and writing, while educators primarily use it for lesson planning and administrative tasks. The development of teacher training, guidance, and school policies has lagged adoption. We next document two diffusion gaps across schools: First, lower AI integration is associated with a higher share of disadvantaged students (a one standard deviation increase in disadvantage is associated with a 0.07-0.11 SD lower score on an index of AI integration); Second, private and charter schools score 0.23-0.44 SD lower on the AI integration index than traditional public schools. Although several surveyed school-level factors strongly predict AI integration, they do little to explain these gaps. Differences in district size account for roughly one-third of the disadvantage gap between public schools. These findings suggest that the factors associated with greater AI integration differ from those needed to narrow disparities in how schools support and guide AI use.”

Paul Carrese (ASU) in a new report from AEI on Civic Thought and Leadership: “There are plentiful signs from beyond the conservative community that CTL reform is needed academically and for America’s civic health. The field and its supporters should keep moving and building, given the opportunities of the moment and the long-term stakes. Fifty years from now, this movement could mark not just the founding of a few schools and centers across the country but the beginning of a broader restoration of the university’s civic mission.”

1. Amazing use of machine learning: “PHerc. 1667 began as a blackened, rolled mass of carbonized papyrus. To read it, we never unrolled it physically. Instead, we scanned it with high-resolution X-rays, reconstructed the wound sheet inside the volume, flattened it into a readable surface, and used machine learning to bring out the faint traces of ancient ink.”
2. Steven Pinker: “If critical thinking skills are so fragile that they can erode when people use AI, those skills could not have been robustly taught in the first place.”
3. Yes and based on OECD data reported by the Economist: “The best are cleverer than ever, but a growing number have basic skills that would embarrass a child half their age. About one in seven students at American colleges and universities scores no better in literacy tests than a typical ten-year-old. For numeracy, it is nearly one in five.”
4. The Socratic method improves AI?

1. JS Bach cantata for Trinity 4:
   Ein ungefärbt Gemüte, An unstained character (BWV 24); Netherlands Bach Collegium recording; German-English interlinear; II. Tenor Recitative: “Honesty is one of God’s gifts.
   The fact that in our time
   so few people have it
   is because they do not ask God for this. For by nature what our hearts contrive is nothing but evil;
   if our heart is to direct its way to something good, then God has to rule it through his spirit
   And lead it on a path of virtue.”
2. Michigan: “Of 20,595 jobs promised from these [corporate welfare] deals, only 602 have been created—a mere 3%, estimates Mr. [James] Hohman.”
3. Semiquincentennial: Robert Pondiscio, via AEI—“As I’ve written elsewhere, anticipation for the approaching Semiquincentennial pales in comparison to the 1976 Bicentennial, but if schools have failed to cultivate students’ gratitude, civic affection, and love of country, parents can still do so. In fact, they must.”
4. Religious education 📉

Harvey Mansfield in WSJ: America is “an exemplar of something important, which is a successful republic. But it needs to be continually refreshed, as Machiavelli said all regimes need to be.”

1. The top 100 VC firms
2. Thomas Kidd explores the founders’ complex relationship with religion.
3. “Although use of generative AI tools has quickly become widespread in education settings, emerging evidence suggests that effects on learning will depend on how that use is supported and guided. This paper reports findings from an original national survey of K-12 school principals designed to measure institutional integration of AI in schools through policies, teacher training, guidance for student use, leadership engagement, and the availability of AI-enabled tools. We find that AI use has spread rapidly across schools, largely as a productivity aid.” Full paper is here.

1. On Walter Lippmann’s intellectual formation, via NYRB: “The young Zeus was happier among Harvard’s professors than among his peers. William James hosted Lippmann at his house for weekly tea. The philosopher George Santayana brought him along to dinners in Boston. Graham Wallas, a visiting professor from England and an early member of the Fabians, treated Lippmann as his apprentice, invited him to stay at his home in London, and dedicated his book The Great Society (1914) to him. Together they instilled in Lippmann a sense that he was living and thinking in unprecedented times and that the enormous modern cities, factories, and newspapers were rewriting the rules of the world and calling all its old truths into question.”
2. Trying to improve on Jennifer Frey’s defense of the humanities: N. Ángel Pinillos of ASU in the Chronicle writes, “There is a real, identifiable competence that the humanities, done well, build in a person, and that competence does not exist in the same form anywhere else in the curriculum.” Eric Adler responds.
3. The Storeys write on the future of “legacy higher education” in the new National Affairs.

1. On the Greeks’ treatment of plagues, via TLS: “[Pantelis] Michelakis shows that such superstitious attitudes probably extended even to the word for plague, loimos. Although these narratives are directly concerned with plague, the word itself is barely used, appearing once in Homer and Sophocles, and four times in Thucydides. The first chapter reveals the complex ways in which these authors instead communicated ‘plague’ through inventive and euphemistic language, a feat that, Michelakis argues, reflects the overwhelming nature of epidemic itself. He demonstrates how the chaos of plague infects the language of Sophocles, who compares it to a ship- tossing storm and a fire-bearing god, resulting in ‘an amalgamation of various types of hostile, non-human agency’. Epic, tragedy and history all share this emphasis on figurative language for their epidemics.”
2. A review of an investigative history of Hilter’s “long” death notes that “the endless squabbles over his remains deprived postwar generations of a sense of closure. Those squabbles will persist as long as there are ambitious journalists and restricted archives.”
3. The role of Charles Lennox, the third Duke of Richmond, in the American Revolution…

1. Polymarket deceptions: “Makihara, who declined to comment, is one of dozens of mostly college-age creators Polymarket paid to film themselves making fake trades and sometimes scoring fake wins, according to an analysis of more than 1,100 videos by the Journal, along with instructional materials and interviews with creators who have worked with the company.”
2. That Pirates of the Caribbean ride “feels to [Bob Iger] like the encapsulation of modern-day Disney. ‘It has those roots with Walt. It has a purity about it. But it still works in today’s world,’ he tells me, as we stroll through the theme park on a perfect southern Californian afternoon in April.”
3. “Stewarding” and “living beside” AI