The American Psychological Association has commissioned the creation of a roadmap to guide the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. They’re considering significant changes, summarized partially here as part of a lengthy update in American Journal of Psychiatry.
The central goal of the committee is to determine the strategic direction for DSM’s future. Specifically, it was tasked with conceptualizing how scientific developments can inform the structure, definition, and criteria of DSM disorders and harmonizing as much as possible with ICD-11, with RDoC and HiTOP, and with other nosological developments. Additional goals included integrating biomarkers and biological factors; functioning; quality of life; severity; socioeconomic, cultural and environmental determinants of mental health; developmental factors; and suicide risk assessment into diagnostic assessments to permit more holistic formulations. Many of these foci are being addressed through four subcommittees.
And this:
Some ideas under consideration include moving away from theoretical agnosticism and embracing biology and environment and their interactions as key determinants of mental disorders. That is, biology interacts with the contextual environment, including historical, social, and cultural experiences and their intersectionality to determine the final clinical presentation. This can be accomplished by including descriptive language but also by finding a pragmatic way to integrate biomarkers and other biological factors, recognizing that it is very early days for most of these.The committee is also evaluating how best to ensure that the disorders in the manual, which may be close to the best we have today, not be reified. The problem of reification emerges among both clinician and patient groups as well as the public at large. Thus, the disorders come to be viewed as immutable or somehow definitive. However, clearly, as knowledge emerges about the underlying pathophysiology of disorders, including biological and environmental factors, changes to extant descriptions of disorders will be required. Moreover, the addition of transdiagnostic dimensions may aid in mitigating the risk of reification because it makes explicit that there are aspects of psychopathology that transcend diagnostic boundaries and hence categories.
I don’t see much justification for jumping from “socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental determinants of health” to “identity”–at least none was provided in that committee’s update.
